# BPC-157 Research References — Complete Citation List

> Complete citation list for BPC-157 research: 18 primary studies, 5 recent papers, PubMed URLs and DOIs. Sortable by year, author, and tissue system.

All citations used across this reading board, with DOIs and PubMed links. Sortable by year and author.

## Citation index

The references below include every citation used across this site. The table is sortable by year (earliest: Sebecic et al. 1999 [4]; most recent: Demirtas et al. 2025 [13] and McGuire et al. 2025 [15]) and searchable by author name, journal, or keyword. Links open to PubMed, PMC, or the publisher's DOI resolver in a new tab. Citations [14] and [15] are to a single McGuire et al. 2025 narrative review that collates multiple primary studies including the human pilots; [14] specifically refers to the Sikiric et al. 2006 Inflammopharmacology report on the PL 14736 trial referenced within that body of literature.

All citations reference publicly available peer-reviewed literature or reports in indexed biomedical databases. This site does not cite preprints, conference abstracts, or unpublished data.

## References

[1] Krivic A, Anic T, Seiwerth S, Huljev D, Sikiric P. Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation. Journal of Orthopedic Research. 2006;24(5):982-989. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16583442/
[2] Chang CH, Tsai WC, Hsu YH, Pang JH. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules. 2014;19(11):19066-19077. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6271067/
[3] Brcic L, Brcic I, Staresinic M, Novinscak T, Sikiric P, Seiwerth S. Modulatory effect of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on angiogenesis in muscle and tendon healing. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2009;60 Suppl 7:191-196. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20388964/
[4] Sebecic B, Nikolic V, Sikiric P, et al. Osteogenic effect of a gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC-157, on the healing of segmental bone defect in rabbits: a comparison with bone marrow and autologous cortical bone implantation. Bone. 1999;24(3):195-202. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10071911/
[5] Huang T, Zhang K, Sun L, Xue X, Zhang C, Shu Z, Mu N, Gu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Body protective compound-157 enhances alkali-burn wound healing in vivo and promotes proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2015;9:2485-2499. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25995620/
[6] Seiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;12:627533. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8275860/
[7] Ilic S, Drmic D, Franjic S, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and its effects on a NSAID toxicity model: diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal, liver, and encephalopathy lesions. Life Sciences. 2011;88(11-12):535-542. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21295044/
[8] Bajramagic S, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Intestinal Anastomoses Therapy in Rats — A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(8):1081. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11357423/
[9] Sever AZ, Sever M, Vidovic T, Lojo N, Kolenc D, Batelja Vuletic L, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the therapy of the rats with bile duct ligation. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2019;847:130-138. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30690000/
[10] Perovic D, Kolenc D, Bilic V, Somun N, Drmic D, Elabjer E, Buljat G, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 can improve the healing course of spinal cord injury and lead to functional recovery in rats. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2019;14(1):199. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6604284/
[11] Matek D, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy After Surgical Detachment of the Quadriceps Muscle from Its Attachments for Muscle-to-Bone Reattachment in Rats. Pharmaceutics. 2025;17(1):119. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11768438/
[12] Barisic I, Balenovic D, Udovicic M, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 May Counteract Myocardial Infarction Induced by Isoprenaline in Rats. Biomedicines. 2022;10(2):265. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8869603/
[13] Demirtas H, Ozer A, Yildirim AK, Dursun AD, Sezen SC, Arslan M. Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Experimental Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11857380/
[14] Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Brcic L, Blagaic AB, Zoricic I, Sever M, Klicek R, Radic B, Keller N, Sipos K, Jakir A, Udovicic M, Tonkic A, Kokic N, Turkovic B, Mise S, Anic T. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in trials for inflammatory bowel disease (PL-10, PLD-116, PL 14736, Pliva, Croatia). Full and distended stomach, and vascular response. Inflammopharmacology. 2006;14(5-6):214-221. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17186181/
[15] McGuire A, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12446177/
[16] McGuire A, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing (citing Lee and Burgess 2025 IV safety/PK pilot). Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12446177/
[17] Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Pleiotropic Effect Controlling and Modulating Angiogenesis and the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(6):928. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12195719/
[18] Perovic D, Milavic M, Dokuzovic S, et al. Novel Therapeutic Effects in Rat Spinal Cord Injuries: Recovery of the Definitive and Early Spinal Cord Injury by the Administration of Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2022;44(5):1946-1963. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9164058/
[19] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95:323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[20] Sikiric P, et al. Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14:857-865. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27138887/
[21] Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Striated, Smooth, and Heart Muscle. Biomedicines. 2022;10:3221. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36551977/

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A curated reading of the peer-reviewed literature — not a clinic, not a vendor, not a recommendation.